MECHANISMS

Fire-emitting lance (first bullet)

1259Dawn of Gunpowder

The History of Song describes a bamboo-barrelled "fire-emitting lance" that expelled a pellet wad packed tightly enough to seal the bore, often cited as the first true projectile to use the full force of the charge. Sealing the barrel rather than merely sweeping shrapnel along with the blast is the conceptual step from fire lance to gun.

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fire-lanceprojectilechinasong

Sources